| MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS MODULE MATRIX |
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SYNOPSIS |
CA SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS
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1. |
SEPARATING MIXTURES |
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Students make mixtures of water
and solid materials (salt, gravel, and
diatomaceous earth) and separate
the mixtures with screens and filters.
They find that water and salt make
a special kind of mixture, a solution,
that cannot be Separated with a filter
but only through evaporation. |
PS1f Differences in chemical and
physical properties of substances
are used to separate mixtures
and identify compounds.
PS1g Solid, liquid, and gaseous substances have properties.
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I&E6c Plan and conduct a simple investigation.
I&E6f Select appropriate tools and
make quantitative observations.
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2. |
REACHING SATURATION |
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Students make a saturated solution
by adding salt to water until no more
salt will dissolve. They also make
a saturated Epsom-salts solution.
Using a balance, they compare the
solubility of the two solid materials
by comparing the mass of the salt
and Epsom-salts dissolved in the
saturated solutions. They use the
property of solubility to identify an
unknown material. |
PS1b All matter is made of atoms,
which may combine to form
molecules.
PS1f Differences in chemical and
physical properties of substances
are used to separate mixtures
and identify compounds.
PS1g Solid, liquid, and gaseous substances have properties.
PS1i Salts, such as sodium chloride,
have common properties.
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I&E6f Select appropriate tools and
make quantitative observations.
I&E6h Draw conclusions and indicate
whether further information is
needed.
I&E6i Write a report of an investigation.
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3. |
FIZZ QUIZ |
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Students systematically mix
combinations of solid materials
(calcium chloride, baking soda,
and citric acid) with water and
observe changes that occur. The
changes (formation of a gas and
a white precipitate) are identified
as chemical reactions. Students
investigate these reactions and the
materials they produce. |
PS1a During chemical reactions the
atoms in the reactants rearrange
to form products with different
properties.
PS1b All matter is made of atoms, which
may combine to form molecules.
PS1d Each element is made of one kind
of atom, and the elements are
organized in the periodic table by
their chemical properties.
PS1f Differences in chemical and
physical properties of substances
are used to separate mixtures and
identify compounds.
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I&E6f Select appropriate tools and
make quantitative observations.
I&E6g Record data in graphic
representations and make
inferences based on those data.
I&E6h Draw conclusions and indicate
whether further information is
needed.
I&E6i Write a report of an investigation.
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4. |
ELEMENTS |
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Students are introduced to the
periodic table as a graphic display
of the elements showing increasing
atomic number in rows and similar
chemical properties in columns.
They learn about metals and alloys
and that most matter on Earth
is made from a small number of
elements. |
PS1c Metals have high electrical and
thermal conductivity. Some metals
are pure elements; others are
combinations of elemental metals.
PS1d Each element is made of one kind of
atom, and the elements are organized
in the periodic table by their chemical
properties.
PS1e Scientists have developed
instruments that can create images
that show that atoms and molecules
often occur in well-ordered arrays.
PS1h Living organisms and most materials
are composed of just a few elements.
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